Gum Disease
Periodontal disease, commonly refered to as gum disease, is an infection of the gums surrounding your teeth. Periodontal disease is one of the top reasons for tooth loss, and because it is virtually pain free, many patients do not know they have the disease. During each dental checkup, your general dentist should check for signs of periodontal disease by measuring the space between your teeth and gums. If periodontal disease is discovered, your general dentist should refer you to a periodontist for treatment.
What causes Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease is caused by a buildup of plaque (bacteria that adheres on the tooth surface). If the bacteria are not removed (by flossing, brushing, and regular dental cleanings), the bacteria will continue to build up and create toxins that can damage the important structures that support your teeth. Periodontal disease forms just below the gum line and creates small pockets that separate the gums from the teeth. Periodontal disease has two stages: gingivitis and periodontitis.
- Gingivitis — This is inflammation of the gums, when they become red and swollen, and bleed easily. At this stage, the disease is treatable and can usually be eliminated by daily brushing and flossing and professional dental care.
- Periodontitis — If left untreated, gingivitis will advance into periodontitis, and the gums and bone that support the teeth will become seriously and irreversibly damaged. Progressive periodontal disease can cause teeth to become loose, painful, infected and may require that they be removed.
Certain factors can increase a person's risk of developing periodontal disease, including:
- Smoking or using chewing tobacco
- Diabetes
- Certain types of medication such as steroids, anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, calcium channel blockers, and oral contraceptives
- Bridges that no longer fit properly
- Crooked teeth
- Old fillings
- Pregnancy
While it is possible to have periodontal disease and not know it, some symptoms can include:
- Gums that bleed easily
- Red, swollen, tender gums
- Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
- Persistent bad breath or bad taste
- Pus between your teeth and gums
- Permanent teeth that are loose or separating
- Any change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
- Any change in the fit of partial dentures
Treatment for Periodontal Disease
Treatment for periodontal disease can vary depending on the severity of the disease. Typical treatments include:
- Non-surgical (Phase I) therapy such as scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
- Periodontal surgery (Phase II)
- Routine periodontal maintenance coordinated with your dentist
Preventing periodontal disease
Regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations are important for maintaining your health and the health of your smile. You don't have to lose teeth due to periodontal disease. Practicing good oral hygiene at home and regularly visiting your dentist and periodontist can significantly reduce your chances of ever developing periodontal disease. Remember to brush regularly, floss between your teeth, eat a balanced diet, and schedule regular periodontal visits to help maintain a healthy smile. Click here to learn more about periodontal disease treatment.